Which statement best describes heat stroke?

• A. A mild heat illness
• B. Life-threatening condition
• C. A form of heat exhaustion
• D. Caused only by dehydration

Answer: (B)

Heat stroke is a medical emergency where the body’s cooling system fails after exposure to extreme heat, causing a dangerously high core temperature and impaired brain function. Because of this combination, it is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. It isn’t a mild heat illness, and it isn’t simply a form of heat exhaustion, which involves overheating with sweating and fatigue but without the severe mental status changes seen in heat stroke. Dehydration can contribute to heat stroke, but it isn’t the only cause—people can develop heat stroke even with fluids, if the body's cooling processes break down in very hot conditions or during intense activity. Look for very high body temperature, confusion or fainting, seizures, or loss of consciousness, and possibly dry or very hot skin. If you suspect heat stroke, call emergency services right away, move the person to a cooler place, remove excess clothing, and begin cooling with water or ice packs to the neck, armpits, and groin while waiting for help. Keep monitoring breathing and responsiveness, and do not give anything by mouth if they’re unconscious.